What just about everyone loves about the Internet is its speed and convenience, and what’s not to like about instant messaging, near-instant email, Tweets and Twitter, and instant on-line shopping? Yet there is a high and hidden cost… one far greater than most people realize or consider – and a number of these costs were detailed in a front-page story in The New York Times on September 23rd, which outlined the results of a year-long study.
For example, on a world-wide basis, internet data centers, now numbering more than three million world-wide, “use about 30 billion watts of electricity, roughly equivalent to the output of 30 nuclear power plants.” The United States alone accounts for about thirty percent of that. One of the most staggering figures revealed by the study was that actual computer/server computations and data processing only took six to twelve percent of that electrical load. The rest was merely to keep all systems “on alert” to handle intermittent peak loads and information surges.
It’s not that the technology to make data centers more efficient doesn’t exist. It does. The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center has refined its systems to achieve more than 90% efficiency, and a company called Power Assure markets a technology that enables commercial data centers to safely power down servers in off-peak periods. Yet Silicon Valley Power – the utility that serves Santa Clara and Silicon Valley – has not been able to entice a single data center to adopt such energy saving programs.
Not only is the internet energy wasteful, but these data centers are significant sources of air pollution. In just the states of Virginia and Illinois more than a dozen data centers have been cited for violations of air quality standings. In northern Virginia alone, Amazon – one of the larger operators of data centers – was cited with 24 violations over three years, including running diesel generators without a permit, and was fined over a quarter of a million dollars.
So why is there so much waste and unnecessary pollution caused by internet data centers?
One reason is that companies that live by the “instant” fear that failure to always have instant access will have an adverse impact on sales. A corollary of that is that data center managers aren’t rewarded for saving on the electrical bill or reducing air pollution. They’re rewarded for having data centers on-line and able to handle anything 99.999% of the time. That’s another reason why Northern Virginia’s data centers together have back-up diesel generators with a combined output almost equal to a standard nuclear power plant… with air emissions far greater than most conventional power plants.
Another aspect of the problem, and one not touched by the Times’ investigation, is that this increasing electrical usage created by the internet puts additional strain on the national and regional power grids, an infrastructure that is already overstrained in many areas… and this is getting worse. For example, data centers in Northern Virginia now draw over 500 million watts of electricity and plans on the drawing boards suggest that load will double in five years.
Instant access… it’s wonderful… but can we really keep this up?